El Salvador
![[[Temazcal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg)
Among the Mesoamerican nations that historically controlled the region are the Lenca (after 600 AD), the Mayans, and then the Cuzcatlecs. Archaeological monuments also suggest an early Olmec presence around the first millennium BC. In the beginning of the 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered the Central American territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City. However the Viceroyalty of New Spain had little to no influence in the daily affairs of the isthmus, which was colonized in 1524. In 1609, the area was declared the Captaincy General of Guatemala by the Spanish, which included the territory that would become El Salvador until its independence from Spain in 1821. It was forcibly incorporated into the First Mexican Empire, then seceded, joining the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823. When the federation dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign state, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898.
From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and a succession of authoritarian rulers. Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the Salvadoran Civil War from 1979 to 1992, fought between the military-led government backed by the United States, and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups. The conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords. This negotiated settlement established a multiparty constitutional republic, which remains in place to this day. During the civil war and afterwards, large numbers of Salvadorans emigrated to the United States. From 1980 through 2008, nearly one million Salvadorans immigrated to the United States, such that by 2008, they were the sixth largest immigrant group in the US.
El Salvador's economy has historically been dominated by agriculture, beginning with the Spanish taking control of the indigenous cacao crop in the 16th century, with production centred in Izalco, along with balsam from the ranges of La Libertad and Ahuachapán. This was followed by a boom in use of the indigo plant in the 19th century, mainly for its use as a dye. Thereafter the focus shifted to coffee, which by the early 20th century accounted for 90% of export earnings. El Salvador has since reduced its dependence on coffee and embarked on diversifying its economy by opening up trade and financial links and expanding the manufacturing sector. The colón, the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the United States dollar in 2001. El Salvador ranks 124th among 189 countries in the Human Development Index. As of 2019 economic improvements had led to El Salvador experiencing the lowest level of income inequality among nearby countries. Among 77 countries included in a 2021 study, El Salvador had one of the least complex economies for doing business. Provided by Wikipedia
-
1by El Salvador Ministerio de Educación“...El Salvador Ministerio de Educación...”
Published 1963
Conference Proceeding Book -
2
-
3
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
4
-
5
-
6
-
7by El Salvador, Comisaría General en la Exposición Universal de Paris, 1889
Published 1889
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
8
-
9Published 2001“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
10Published 2010“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
11Published 1996“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
12Published 2001“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
13Published 1979“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
14Published 1992“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
15Published 1994“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
16
-
17Published 1998“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
18
-
19Published 1997“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book -
20Published 2000“...El Salvador...”
This item is not available through BorrowDirect. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.Book