Finland

|}} | image_flag = Flag of Finland.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Finland 2.svg | coa_size = 75 | national_anthem =


()
| image_map = | map_caption = | capital = Helsinki | coordinates = | largest_city = capital | official_languages = | recognized_national_languages = | ethnic_groups = |10.0% others }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | ethnic_groups_ref = | religion = * 65.6% Christianity ** 63.6% Lutheranism ** 1.1% Orthodoxy ** 0.9% other Christian

| 33.6% no religion | 0.8% other}} | religion_year = 2023 | religion_ref = | demonym = | government_type = Unitary parliamentary republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Alexander Stubb | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Petteri Orpo | leader_title3 = Speaker of the Parliament | leader_name3 = Jussi Halla-aho | legislature = Parliament | sovereignty_type = Independence | sovereignty_note = from RSFSR | established_event1 = Establishment of Grand Duchy of Finland under the rule of Russian Empire | established_date1 = 29 March 1809 | established_event2 = Declaration of full independence | established_date2 = 6 December 1917 | established_event3 = Finnish Civil War | established_date3 = January – May 1918 | established_event4 = Constitution established | established_date4 = 17 July 1919 | established_event5 = Winter War | established_date5 = 30 November 1939 – 13 March 1940 | established_event6 = Continuation War | established_date6 = 25 June 1941 – 19 September 1944 | established_event7 = Joined the EU | established_date7 = 1 January 1995 | established_event8 = Joined NATO | established_date8 = 4 April 2023 | area_km2 = 338,145 | area_rank = 65th | area_sq_mi = 130,596 | percent_water = 9.71 (2015) | population_estimate = 5,603,851 | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 114th | population_label2 = | population_data2 = | population_density_km2 = 18.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 41 | population_density_rank = 213th | GDP_PPP = $335.760 billion | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 59th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $59,869 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 24th | GDP_nominal = $305.689 billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 48th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $54,507 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 16th | Gini = 26.6 | Gini_year = 2023 | Gini_change = steady | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.942 | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 12th | currency = Euro (€) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = EEST | date_format = .. | drives_on = right | calling_code = +358 | cctld = .fi, .ax^a, .eu^b | footnote_a = The .ax domain is used in Åland. | footnote_b = The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. | today = }} Finland, ; }} officially the Republic of Finland,; ; }}}} in Finnish, in Swedish, and in Sami, is the long protocol name, which is however not defined by law. Legislation recognizes only the short name.}} is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, of which 84.9 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of the Swedish Empire as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became a Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of full independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its full independence. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence.

Finland remained a largely agricultural country until the 1950s. After World War II, it industrialised quickly and established an advanced economy, with a welfare state built on the Nordic model. This allowed the country to experience overall prosperity and high per capita income. During the Cold War, Finland officially embraced a policy of neutrality. Since then, it has become a member of the European Union in 1995, the Eurozone in 1999, and NATO in 2023. Finland is a member of various international organisations, such as the United Nations, the Nordic Council, the Schengen Area, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The nation performs exceedingly well in national performance metrics, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. Provided by Wikipedia