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|a NDD
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|a NDDP
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|a Larrauri, José A.,
|d 1978-
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|a Computational and experimental study of the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition
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|a xx, 226 leaves :
|b ill. ;
|c 28 cm
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|a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2008
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|a The neural network model incorporates excitatory and facilitatory pathways activated by the positive value of changes in noise level in the environment, and an inhibitory pathway activated by the absolute value of changes in noise level. Whereas excitation and facilitation are exponential functions, inhibition is a linear function of the input noise. The model describes many properties of the ASR and PPI, the effects of specific brain lesions, and correctly predicts how PPI depends on pulse intensity. In addition, we experimentally establish the magnitude of startle and PPI as a function of pulse, prepulse, and background intensity, and test the model predictions regarding an inverted-U function that relates startle to the intensity of the background noise
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|a The realistic model includes an excitatory pathway that represents neurons projecting directly from the cochlear nucleus (CN) to the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PNC), and an inhibitory pathway that replicates the CN-inferior colliculus (IC)-pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT)-PNC neural connections. Even though this model is able to capture some behavioral properties of the ASR and PPI, the simulated results produced with the neural network reproduce better the experimental data. However, the realistic model can provide physiologically plausible explanations for behavioral results, such as prepulse facilitation (PPF)
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|a The role of dopaminergic mechanisms in the ASR and PPI attenuation in rats caused by the introduction of novel changes in environment illumination is investigated. Experimental results show that (a) Dark-to-Light transitions can robustly reduce startle responses and PPI, (b) this phenomenon habituates across repeated testing sessions and reappears after an interval without testing, and (c) the dopamine antagonist haloperidol blocks the startle and PPI-reducing effect of the Dark-to-Light transition. We show how the neural network model can be applied to account for the empirical effects demonstrated in this study. This model is useful in linking behavioral and physiological levels of analysis, providing mechanistic explanations for behaviors
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|a We analyzed different computational models of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) in order to better understand and characterize the underlying neural mechanisms of these phenomena, and to explain the role of specific brain areas in different experimental manipulations. The models include a neural network developed from behavioral results, and a realistic model based on neurobiological data
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|a Auditory pathways
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|a Inhibition
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|a Neural networks (Neurobiology)
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|a Startle reaction
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|a Duke University
|b Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience.
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