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024 7 |a 10.5089/9798400242786.001  |2 doi 
024 7 |a 10.5089/9798400243196.001  |2 doi 
035 |a (IMF)IMFEWPIEA2023101 
035 |a (IMF)IMFEWPIEE2023101 
040 |a DcWaIMF  |b eng  |e rda 
100 1 |a Kapsoli, Javier 
245 1 0 |a Benchmarking Infrastructure Using Public Investment Efficiency Frontiers /  |c Javier Kapsoli, Tewodaj Mogues, Genevieve Verdier 
264 1 |a Washington, D.C. :  |b International Monetary Fund,  |c 2023 
300 |a 1 online resource (32 pages) 
336 |a text  |b txt  |2 rdacontent 
337 |a computer  |b c  |2 rdamedia 
338 |a online resource  |b cr  |2 rdacarrier 
490 1 |a IMF Working Papers 
500 |a Part of the IMF eLibrary collection 
506 |a Restricted for use by site license.  
520 3 |a With limited financing options, increasing investment efficiency will be a critical avenue to building infrastructure for many countries, particularly in the context of post-pandemic recovery and rising debt emanating from higher energy costs and other pressures. Estimating investment efficiency, however, presents many methodological pitfalls. Using various methods--stochastic frontier analysis, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and bootstrapped DEA-this paper estimates efficiency scores for a wide range of countries employing metrics of infrastructure quantity and utilization. We find that efficiency scores are relatively robust across methodologies and data used. A considerable efficiency gap exists: Removing all inefficiencies could increase infrastructure output by 55 percent overall, when averaging across 12 estimation approaches-in particular, by 45 percent for advanced economies, 54 percent for emerging countries, and 65 percent for low income countries. Infrastructure output would increase by a still-sizeable 30 percent if instead of eliminating all efficiency, countries achieved the efficiency level of their income group's 90th percentile 
588 |a Description based on print version record 
650 7 |a Aggregate Factor Income Distribution  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Capacity  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Capital  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Currency crises  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Economic & financial crises & disasters  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Economics of specific sectors  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Economics  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Economics: General  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Expenditure  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Financial Instruments  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Financial institutions  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Income  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Informal sector  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Infrastructure  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Institutional Investors  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Intangible Capital  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Investment & securities  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Investment  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Investments: Stocks  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Macroeconomics  |2 imf 
650 7 |a National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures  |2 imf 
650 7 |a National accounts  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Non-bank Financial Institutions  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Other Public Investment and Capital Stock  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Pension Funds  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Public Finance  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Public finance & taxation  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Public investment spending  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Public investments  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Saving and investment  |2 imf 
650 7 |a Stocks  |2 imf 
700 1 |a Tewodaj Mogues 
700 1 |a Verdier, Geneviève 
776 0 8 |i Print Version:  |a Kapsoli, Javier  |t Benchmarking Infrastructure Using Public Investment Efficiency Frontiers  |d Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2023.  |z 9798400242786 
776 0 8 |i Print Version:  |a Kapsoli, Javier  |t Benchmarking Infrastructure Using Public Investment Efficiency Frontiers  |d Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2023.  |z 9798400243196 
830 0 |a IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;  |v No. 2023/101 
830 0 |a IMF eLibrary 
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