Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT
  • PREFACE
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
  • CHAPTER 1 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF U.S. OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES: FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS
  • CONTENTS
  • SUMMARY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • IDENTIFYING LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
  • SUSCEPTIBILITY OF COASTAL AND OFFSHORE ECOSYSTEMS
  • IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL LONG-TERM EFFECTS
  • EFFECTS ON RESOURCES OF INTRINSIC VALUE
  • EFFECTS ON RESOURCES OF ECONOMIC VALUE
  • EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEM SUPPORT OF RESOURCES
  • FUTURE STUDY NEEDS
  • RECOMMENDED STUDY APPROACHES
  • A LONG-TERM EFFECTS STUDY PROGRAM
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • CHAPTER 2 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY OPERATIONS: PRESENT AND FUTURE
  • CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
  • REGIONAL RESOURCE POTENTIALS
  • ATLANTIC
  • GULF OF MEXICO
  • PACIFIC
  • ALASKA
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • CHAPTER 3 DOMINANT FEATURES AND PROCESSES OF CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
  • CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • ATLANTIC COAST
  • GULF OF MEXICO
  • PACIFIC COAST
  • ALASKA
  • COMPARISON OF VULNERABILITY OF SHELF ENVIRONMENTS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • CHAPTER 4 OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES POTENTIALLY CAUSING LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
  • CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITIES
  • OPERATIONAL DISCHARGES
  • OIL SPILLS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • CHAPTER 5 TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATIONS: WATER COLUMN PROCESSES
  • CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES
  • TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BULK OIL AFTER RELEASE AT SEA
  • SLICK DRIFT, SPREADING AND ADVECTION
  • SIMULATION MODELS
  • CHRONIC DISCHARGES
  • INFORMATION GAPS AND AREAS REQUIRING FURTHER RESEARCH
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • CHAPTER 6 TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES REGARDING HYDROCARBON AND METAL POLLUTANTS IN OFFSHORE SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS
  • CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE NATURE OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL IN THE OCEAN
  • CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RELEVANT POLLUTANT SOURCES
  • TYPES AND SOURCES OF HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENTS
  • TRANSPORT OF PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS TO THE BENTHOS
  • TRANSFORMATIONS OF DEPOSITED HYDROCARBONS AND METALS IN SEDIMENTS
  • FACTORS AFFECTING THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT CONTAMINANTS
  • POSTDEPOSITIONAL TRANSPORT
  • ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • CHAPTER 7 TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF PETROLEUM: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING MARINE MICROORGANISMS
  • MICROBIAL METABOLISM OF HYDROCARBONS
  • PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION
  • RATES OF PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION
  • EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES ON PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION
  • EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBONS ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
  • QUESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH