The evidential foundations of probabilistic reasoning /
From Holmes's analysis of footprints and tobacco ash to modern institutional DNA testing, evidence has formed the cornerstone of probabilistic reasoning, both in fiction and real life. Too often viewed as irrefutable, evidence, argues David Schum, is an interpretive science, refracted through t...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York :
J. Wiley,
[1994], ©1994
New York : c1994 New York : [1994] |
| Series: | Wiley series in systems engineering
Wiley series in systems engineering |
| Subjects: |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Schum, David A |0 http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n87864878 | |
| 100 | 1 | |a Schum, David A |1 http://viaf.org/viaf/162539539 | |
| 100 | 1 | |a Schum, David A | |
| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The evidential foundations of probabilistic reasoning / |c David A. Schum |
| 260 | |a New York : |b J. Wiley, |c [1994], ©1994 | ||
| 260 | |a New York : |b J. Wiley, |c c1994 | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York : |b J. Wiley, |c [1994] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c ©1994 | |
| 300 | |a xviii, 545 p. : |b ill. ; |c 24 cm | ||
| 300 | |a xviii, 545 p. : |b ill. ; |c 25 cm | ||
| 300 | |a xviii, 545 pages : |b illustrations ; |c 25 cm | ||
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| 440 | 0 | |a Wiley series in systems engineering | |
| 490 | 1 | |a Wiley series in systems engineering | |
| 500 | |a This WorldCat-derived record is shareable under Open Data Commons ODC-BY, with attribution to OCLC |5 CTY | ||
| 500 | |a "A Wiley-Interscience publication." | ||
| 504 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 515-530) and indexes | ||
| 504 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages 515-530) and indexes | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a 1. A Discourse on Evidence. 1.1. Finding Common Ground. 1.2. Is a General Discourse on Evidence Necessary? 1.3. Can There Be a Science of Evidence? 1.4. A Look Ahead -- 2. The Study of Evidence. 2.1. Evidence, Observations, and Abstractions. 2.2. Rhetoric, Logic and Philosophy. 2.3. Evidence, Probability, and Statistics. 2.4. Evidence in Jurisprudence: "Beating and Boulting the Truth" 2.5. Theories of Evidence: Argument Structure and Evidential Force. 2.6. Discovering Evidence -- 3. Structural Issues I: Studying the Properties of Evidence. 3.1. Relevance and Argument. 3.2. The Foundations of Argument. 3.3. Relevance, Credibility, and Ancillary Evidence. 3.4. Common Forms of Evidence. 3.5. Recurrent Combinations of Evidence -- 4. Structural Issues II: Inferences Based Upon a Mass of Evidence. 4.1. Mixtures of Evidential Forms, Combinations, and Subtleties. 4.2. Structuring and Standpoint. 4.3. Relevance and Causality. 4.4. Inference Networks I: Wigmore and His Contemporary Advocates | |
| 505 | 0 | |a 1. A Discourse on Evidence. 1.1. Finding Common Ground. 1.2. Is a General Discourse on Evidence Necessary? 1.3. Can There Be a Science of Evidence? 1.4. A Look Ahead -- 2. The Study of Evidence. 2.1. Evidence, Observations, and Abstractions. 2.2. Rhetoric, Logic and Philosophy. 2.3. Evidence, Probability, and Statistics. 2.4. Evidence in Jurisprudence: "Beating and Boulting the Truth" 2.5. Theories of Evidence: Argument Structure and Evidential Force. 2.6. Discovering Evidence -- 3. Structural Issues I: Studying the Properties of Evidence. 3.1. Relevance and Argument. 3.2. The Foundations of Argument. 3.3. Relevance, Credibility, and Ancillary Evidence. 3.4. Common Forms of Evidence. 3.5. Recurrent Combinations of Evidence --^ | |
| 505 | 0 | |a 10. End of Discourse. 10.1. Evidence, Argument Structures, and Probabilities. 10.2. Discovering and Marshaling Evidence. 10.3. Final Words | |
| 505 | 0 | |a 4. Structural Issues II: Inferences Based Upon a Mass of Evidence. 4.1. Mixtures of Evidential Forms, Combinations, and Subtleties. 4.2. Structuring and Standpoint. 4.3. Relevance and Causality. 4.4. Inference Networks I: Wigmore and His Contemporary Advocates. 4.5. Inference Networks II: Modern Conceptions. 4.6. Other Structures: Narratives, Stories, and Scenarios -- 5. On the Inferential Force of Evidence. 5.1. The Force of Evidence: Historical Comments. 5.2. Grading the Force of Evidence. 5.3. Pascalian Gradations of the Force of Evidence. 5.4. Belief Functions: Grading Evidential Support. 5.5. The Weight of Evidence in Eliminative and Variative Inference. 5.6. Evidence, Inference, and Imprecision -- 6. The Analysis of Evidential Properties and Subtleties. 6.1. Combining Structural and Probabilistic Concepts. 6.2. Some Interesting Evidential Properties and Subtleties. 6.3. Analytic Objectives and Methods --^ | |
| 505 | 0 | |a 4.5. Inference Networks II: Modern Conceptions. 4.6. Other Structures: Narratives, Stories, and Scenarios -- 5. On the Inferential Force of Evidence. 5.1. The Force of Evidence: Historical Comments. 5.2. Grading the Force of Evidence. 5.3. Pascalian Gradations of the Force of Evidence. 5.4. Belief Functions: Grading Evidential Support. 5.5. The Weight of Evidence in Eliminative and Variative Inference. 5.6. Evidence, Inference, and Imprecision -- 6. The Analysis of Evidential Properties and Subtleties. 6.1. Combining Structural and Probabilistic Concepts. 6.2. Some Interesting Evidential Properties and Subtleties. 6.3. Analytic Objectives and Methods -- 7. Analyses of Isolated Items of Evidence. 7.1. Evidence and Singly Connected Chains of Reasoning. 7.2. Chains of Reasoning and Conditional Nonindependence. 7.3. Credibility and the Force of Evidence. 7.4. Secondhand Evidence. 7.5. Equivocal Testimony. 7.6. Missing Evidence. 7.7. On the Discovery and Force of Negative Evidence | |
| 505 | 0 | |a 7. Analyses of Isolated Items of Evidence. 7.1. Evidence and Singly Connected Chains of Reasoning. 7.2. Chains of Reasoning and Conditional Nonindependence. 7.3. Credibility and the Force of Evidence. 7.4. Secondhand Evidence. 7.5. Equivocal Testimony. 7.6. Missing Evidence. 7.7. On the Discovery and Force of Negative Evidence. 7.8. A Return to Bernoulli's Evidential Distinctions -- 8. Analyses of Recurrent Combinations of Evidence. 8.1. On the Force of Dissonant Evidence. 8.2. On the Force of Harmonious Evidence. 8.3. Patterns of Evidential Harmony and Dissonance. 8.4. The Two Faces on Evidential Redundance. 8.5. Other Recurrent Combinations of Evidence -- 9. Discovery and the Generation of Evidence. 9.1. Discovery in Various Contexts. 9.2. Discovery and Imaginative Reasoning. 9.3. Evidence, Signs, and Semiotics. 9.4. Strategies for Marshaling Thought and Evidence during Discovery --^ | |
| 505 | 0 | |a 7.8. A Return to Bernoulli's Evidential Distinctions -- 8. Analyses of Recurrent Combinations of Evidence. 8.1. On the Force of Dissonant Evidence. 8.2. On the Force of Harmonious Evidence. 8.3. Patterns of Evidential Harmony and Dissonance. 8.4. The Two Faces on Evidential Redundance. 8.5. Other Recurrent Combinations of Evidence -- 9. Discovery and the Generation of Evidence. 9.1. Discovery in Various Contexts. 9.2. Discovery and Imaginative Reasoning. 9.3. Evidence, Signs, and Semiotics. 9.4. Strategies for Marshaling Thought and Evidence during Discovery -- 10. End of Discourse. 10.1. Evidence, Argument Structures, and Probabilities. 10.2. Discovering and Marshaling Evidence. 10.3. Final Words | |
| 505 | 0 | 0 | |g 1 |t A Discourse on Evidence. |g 1.1. |t Finding Common Ground. |g 1.2. |t Is a General Discourse on Evidence Necessary? |g 1.3. |t Can There Be a Science of Evidence? |g 1.4. |t A Look Ahead -- |g 2. |t The Study of Evidence. |g 2.1. |t Evidence, Observations, and Abstractions. |g 2.2. |t Rhetoric, Logic and Philosophy. |g 2.3. |t Evidence, Probability, and Statistics. |g 2.4. |t Evidence in Jurisprudence: "Beating and Boulting the Truth" |g 2.5. |t Theories of Evidence: Argument Structure and Evidential Force. |g 2.6. |t Discovering Evidence -- |g 3. |t Structural Issues I: Studying the Properties of Evidence. |g 3.1. |t Relevance and Argument. |g 3.2. |t The Foundations of Argument. |g 3.3. |t Relevance, Credibility, and Ancillary Evidence. |g 3.4. |t Common Forms of Evidence. |g 3.5. |t Recurrent Combinations of Evidence -- |g 4. |t Structural Issues II: Inferences Based Upon a Mass of Evidence. |g 4.1. |t Mixtures of Evidential Forms, Combinations, and Subtleties. |g 4.2. |t Structuring and Standpoint. |g 4.3. |t Relevance and Causality. |g 4.4. |t Inference Networks I: Wigmore and His Contemporary Advocates. |g 4.5. |t Inference Networks II: Modern Conceptions. |g 4.6. |t Other Structures: Narratives, Stories, and Scenarios -- |g 5. |t On the Inferential Force of Evidence. |g 5.1. |t The Force of Evidence: Historical Comments. |g 5.2. |t Grading the Force of Evidence. |g 5.3. |t Pascalian Gradations of the Force of Evidence. |g 5.4. |t Belief Functions: Grading Evidential Support. |g 5.5. |t The Weight of Evidence in Eliminative and Variative Inference. |g 5.6. |t Evidence, Inference, and Imprecision -- |g 6. |t The Analysis of Evidential Properties and Subtleties. |g 6.1. |t Combining Structural and Probabilistic Concepts. |g 6.2. |t Some Interesting Evidential Properties and Subtleties. |g 6.3. |t Analytic Objectives and Methods -- |g 7. |t Analyses of Isolated Items of Evidence. |g 7.1. |t Evidence and Singly Connected Chains of Reasoning. |g 7.2. |t Chains of Reasoning and Conditional Nonindependence. |g 7.3. |t Credibility and the Force of Evidence. |g 7.4. |t Secondhand Evidence. |g 7.5. |t Equivocal Testimony. |g 7.6. |t Missing Evidence. |g 7.7. |t On the Discovery and Force of Negative Evidence. |g 7.8. |t A Return to Bernoulli's Evidential Distinctions -- |g 8. |t Analyses of Recurrent Combinations of Evidence. |g 8.1. |t On the Force of Dissonant Evidence. |g 8.2. |t On the Force of Harmonious Evidence. |g 8.3. |t Patterns of Evidential Harmony and Dissonance. |g 8.4. |t The Two Faces on Evidential Redundance. |g 8.5. |t Other Recurrent Combinations of Evidence -- |g 9. |t Discovery and the Generation of Evidence. |g 9.1. |t Discovery in Various Contexts. |g 9.2. |t Discovery and Imaginative Reasoning. |g 9.3. |t Evidence, Signs, and Semiotics. |g 9.4. |t Strategies for Marshaling Thought and Evidence during Discovery -- |g 10. |t End of Discourse. |g 10.1. |t Evidence, Argument Structures, and Probabilities. |g 10.2. |t Discovering and Marshaling Evidence. |g 10.3. |t Final Words. |
| 520 | |a From Holmes's analysis of footprints and tobacco ash to modern institutional DNA testing, evidence has formed the cornerstone of probabilistic reasoning, both in fiction and real life. Too often viewed as irrefutable, evidence, argues David Schum, is an interpretive science, refracted through the varying perspectives of subject specialty | ||
| 520 | |a From Holmes's analysis of footprints and tobacco ash to modern institutional DNA testing, evidence has formed the cornerstone of probabilistic reasoning, both in fiction and real life. Too often viewed as irrefutable, evidence, argues David Schum, is an interpretive science, refracted through the varying perspectives of subject specialty. Evaluating how evidence is discovered, arranged, and used is essential not only for drawing conclusions, but also for developing an analytical scheme that transcends the particular skew of individual disciplines. In the first textbook treatment of evidence as a science, Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning examines inferences drawn from evidence that is incomplete, inconclusive, and often imprecise. Layer by layer, the book disassembles the process of gathering, organizing, and evaluating evidence, activities that ultimately affect what conclusions are drawn from evidence and how new evidence is discovered. The book also presents a balanced account of the probabilistic process of assessing the force, strength, or weight of evidence, an examination that considers the many current views on evaluating evidence. A subject of growing interest and study, the imaginative reasoning process behind the discovery or generation of new evidence and new hypotheses, is also described. Featuring over one hundred numerical examples to illustrate the workings of various probabilistic expressions, as well as lively graphics which illuminate many of the evidential and inferential issues discussed, this is an essential working reference to every facet of the science of evidence | ||
| 520 | 8 | |a Evaluating how evidence is discovered, arranged, and used is essential not only for drawing conclusions, but also for developing an analytical scheme that transcends the particular skew of individual disciplines | |
| 520 | 8 | |a Featuring over one hundred numerical examples to illustrate the workings of various probabilistic expressions, as well as lively graphics which illuminate many of the evidential and inferential issues discussed, this is an essential working reference to every facet of the science of evidence | |
| 520 | 8 | |a In the first textbook treatment of evidence as a science, Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning examines inferences drawn from evidence that is incomplete, inconclusive, and often imprecise. Layer by layer, the book disassembles the process of gathering, organizing, and evaluating evidence, activities that ultimately affect what conclusions are drawn from evidence and how new evidence is discovered | |
| 520 | 8 | |a The book also presents a balanced account of the probabilistic process of assessing the force, strength, or weight of evidence, an examination that considers the many current views on evaluating evidence. A subject of growing interest and study, the imaginative reasoning process behind the discovery or generation of new evidence and new hypotheses, is also described | |
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