Climate change and developing countries /

Climate change and developing countries /

Show other versions (5)

"The book provides basic information, analysis and interpretation of various aspects relevant to climate change and will be a valuable asset to researchers, negotiators, policy makers, and environmental groups engaged in the analysis and discussion of climate change."--Jacket

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ravindranath, N. H
Other Authors: Sathaye, Jayant A
Format: Book
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, [2002], ©2002
Dordrecht ; Boston : c2002
Dordrecht ; Boston : ©2002
Dordrecht ; Boston : [2002]
Series:Advances in global change research ; v. 11
Advances in global change research v. 11
Advances in global change research ; v. 11
Subjects:
Climatic changes > Environmental aspects > Developing countries
Climatic changes > Government policy > Developing countries
Climatic changes > Developing countries
Climatic changes
Climatic changes > Government policy
Developing countries
Table of Contents:
  • -- 7.2.15 Developing country preparedness for CDM 222
  • 7.2.16 CDM and developing countries 223
  • 8 Climate Change: Development, Equity and Sustainability
  • 8.2 Linkage Between Climate Change, Development, Equity and Sustainability 227
  • 8.2.1 Development 227
  • 8.2.2 Equity 228
  • 8.2.3 Sustainable development 231
  • 8.3 Differential Contribution and Impacts 232
  • 8.3.1 Past and cumulative emissions 233
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • 3. Carbon Emissions - Historical Trends and Future Scenarios
  • 4. Climate Change: Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation
  • 5. Climate Change Mitigation
  • 6. Policies, Programs, and Measures
  • 7. Global Mechanisms for Addressing Climate Change
  • 8. Climate Change: Development, Equity and Sustainability
  • 9. Climate Change and Developing Countries.
  • 1.1 Impacts of Climate Change 2
  • 1.2 Tracing the History of Greenhouse Gas Emissions 4
  • 1.3 Global Efforts to Stabilize Climate Change 5
  • 1.4 Climate Change Mitigation and Developing Countries 7
  • 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • 2.2 Greenhouse Gases, Aerosols and Radiative Forcing 11
  • 2.3 Growth in Concentration of Greenhouse Gases 12
  • 2.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions 14
  • 2.4.1 Global annual CO[subscript 2] budget 15
  • 2.4.2 Projection of CO[subscript 2] emissions according to SRES scenarios 15
  • 2.4.3 Projection of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere 21
  • 2.5 Share of Developing Countries in Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions 22
  • 2.5.1 Share of developing countries in annual carbon budget 22
  • 2.5.2 Contribution of industrialized and developing countries to cumulative CO[subscript 2] emissions during the twentieth century 22
  • 2.5.3 Projections of share of developing countries in fossil fuel related carbon dioxide emissions 23
  • 2.5.4 Carbon dioxide emissions and GDP in selected developing and industrialized countries 24
  • 2.5.5 CO[subscript 2] emissions per unit of GDP 25
  • 2.5.6 Growth in aggregate GDP and CO[subscript 2] emissions in China 26
  • 2.6 Methane Emissions Projections 26
  • 2.7 Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Greenhouse Gas Emissions 27
  • 2.8 Greenhouse Gas Inventory; Case Studies of Argentina, Indonesia and Zimbabwe 28
  • 2.9 Emissions Inventory and Developing Countries 33
  • 2.9.1 Factors contributing to quality of greenhouse gas inventory 33
  • 2.9.2 Measures to improve greenhouse gas inventory 33
  • 2.10 Implications of Reliable Estimates of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 34
  • 3 Carbon Emissions - Historical Trends and Future Scenarios
  • 3.2 Regional and Country-Specific CO[subscript 2] Emissions 38
  • 3.3 Methodology 39
  • 3.3.1 Historical trends in CO[subscript 2] emissions 40
  • 3.3.2 Future scenarios of CO[subscript 2] emissions 41
  • 3.3.3 Sources of data and methods of analysis 41
  • 3.4 Decomposition Analysis of CO[subscript 2] Emissions - World 43
  • 3.5 Decomposition Analysis of CO[subscript 2] Emissions - Asia 46
  • 3.6 Decomposition Analysis of CO[subscript 2] Emissions - Latin America 51
  • 3.7 Decomposition Analysis of CO[subscript 2] Emissions - Africa 55
  • 3.8 Inter-Country Comparison of Economic Growth and CO[subscript 2] Emissions 57
  • 3.8.1 Past trends of CO[subscript 2] emissions 57
  • 3.8.2 Projections of CO[subscript 2] emissions 59
  • 4 Climate Change: Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation
  • 4.2 Projected Patterns of Climate Change 64
  • 4.2.1 Predicting climate change 64
  • 4.2.2 Observed changes in climate system 66
  • 4.2.3 Projections of climate change 66
  • 4.3 Assessment of Vulnerability to and Impacts of Climate Change 69
  • 4.4 Observed Impacts of Recent Regional Climate Change 70
  • 4.5 Projected Impact of Climate Change on Food Production and Security 71
  • 4.5.1 Impact of climate change on agriculture and food security; Second Assessment Report of the IPCC 72
  • 4.5.2 Impact of climate change on food production - regional impacts 73
  • 4.5.3 Impact of climate change on agriculture and food security; Third Assessment Report of the IPCC 73
  • 4.5.4 Future food production and climate change according to other studies 75
  • 4.5.5 Uncertainty of projections of climate change on agriculture 76
  • 4.6 Impact of Climate Change on Forest Ecosystems 77
  • 4.7 Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources, Health, and Sea Level Rise 80
  • 4.7.1 Water resources and stress 80
  • 4.7.2 Human health 81
  • 4.7.3 Sea level rise 82
  • 4.7.4 Human infrastructure and habitats 83
  • 4.8 Greenhouse Damage Assessment 84
  • 4.9 Adaptation to Climate Change 85
  • 4.9.1 Types of adaptation 86
  • 4.9.2 Why is adaptation necessary? 87
  • 4.9.3 Generic adaptation strategies 88
  • 4.9.4 Sector-specific adaptation strategies 89
  • 4.10 Barriers and Approaches to Promotion of Adaptation Strategies 91
  • 4.11 Adaptation at Global, National and Local Levels 92
  • 4.12 Mitigation Versus Adaptation 93
  • 5 Climate Change Mitigation
  • 5.1 The Approach to Mitigation 97
  • 5.1.2 Methodology for mitigation studies 99
  • 5.1.3 The structure of a mitigation assessment 100
  • 5.1.4 Time horizon of a mitigation assessment 102
  • 5.2 Mitigation Opportunities in the Energy Sector 104
  • 5.2.1 Primary mitigation options 104
  • 5.2.2 Results from greenhouse gas mitigation studies: Bottom-up approach 105
  • 5.2.3 Results from greenhouse gas mitigation studies: Multicriteria approach 113
  • 5.2.4 Results from greenhouse gas mitigation studies: Top-down approach 114
  • 5.2.5 Energy sector mitigation; Third Assessment Report of the IPCC 118
  • 5.2.6 Summary of key findings from energy sector mitigation studies 119
  • 5.3 Forest Sector Mitigation in Developing Countries 120
  • 5.3.1 Status of forests in developing countries 121
  • 5.3.2 Implications of forest loss, degradation and low afforestation rates 122
  • 5.3.3 Mitigation opportunities in the forestry sector 123
  • 5.3.4 Methodology for assessment of forestry sector activities 126
  • 5.3.5 Land availability for mitigation activities 129
  • 5.3.6 Mitigation potential of land use, land-use change and forestry sector 131
  • 5.3.7 Mitigation potential assessment for seven developing countries 137
  • 5.3.8 Cost-effectiveness of mitigation 138
  • 5.3.9 Investment for realizing mitigation potential in the forestry sector 143
  • 5.3.10 Comparison of energy and forestry sector mitigation potential 144
  • 5.4 Agriculture 144
  • 5.4.1 Features of the agriculture sector activities 145
  • 5.4.2 Mitigation opportunities for CO[subscript 2] in the agriculture sector 146
  • 5.4.3 Methane emissions reduction from agriculture sector 149
  • 5.4.4 Mitigation of nitrous oxide 153
  • 5.4.5 Methane and nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation potential 154
  • 5.4.6 Methane mitigation potential and cost-effectiveness 155
  • 5.4.7 Mitigation potential in agriculture sector; Third Assessment Report of the IPCC 156
  • 5.4.8 Conclusions on mitigation activities in the agricultural sector 157
  • 6 Policies, Programs, and Measures
  • 6.1 Barriers to Mitigation Options in Developing Countries 162
  • 6.1.1 Generic barriers 162
  • 6.1.2 Technology-specific barriers 165
  • 6.2 Policies, Programs and Measures to Overcome Barriers 166
  • 6.2.1 Macro policies, programs and measures 167
  • 6.2.2 Sectoral policies, programs and measures 168
  • 6.3 Regulatory Instruments 172
  • 6.3.1 Energy and environmental performance standards 172
  • 6.3.2 Procurement policies 173
  • 6.3.3 Environmental legislation 173
  • 6.4 Demand-side Management Programs 173
  • 6.5 Renewable Energy Programs 174
  • 6.6 Land Use Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector 175
  • 6.7 Agriculture Sector 176
  • 6.8 Policies and Measures to Promote Adaptation Strategies 176
  • 6.9 Information Programs 176
  • 7 Global Mechanisms for Addressing Climate Change
  • 7.1 Global Environment Facility 179
  • 7.1.1 Genesis 179
  • 7.1.2 Pilot phase of GEF 180
  • 7.1.3 Restructured phase 181
  • 7.1.4 Eligibility criteria and operational principles 182
  • 7.1.5 Operational programs under climate change portfolio 183
  • 7.1.6 Project cycle 183
  • 7.1.7 GEF funding of climate change focal area 185
  • 7.1.8 Performance and impact of GEF programs 188
  • 7.1.9 GEF: Problems and challenges 189
  • 7.1.10 Potential measures to overcome project cycle hurdles 192
  • 7.1.11 Future of GEF 193
  • 7.2 Clean Development Mechanism 197
  • 7.2.2 How might CDM work? 199
  • 7.2.3 CDM institutions 202
  • 7.2.4 Concepts, definitions and terminology 203
  • 7.2.5 Project boundary and monitoring domain 205
  • 7.2.6 Baselines and additionality 206
  • 7.2.7 Meeting criteria for sustainable development 211
  • 7.2.8 Monitoring, evaluation, reporting, verification and certification of CDM projects 212
  • 7.2.9 CDM: Implications for LULUCF sector 215
  • 7.2.10 CDM and adaptation 217
  • 7.2.11 CDM: Contentious issues 217
  • 7.2.12 Project developer's perspective 221
  • 7.2.13 NGOs' perspective 221
  • 7.2.14 Perspective of the developing country governments 222
  • Impacts of Climate Change
  • Tracing the History of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • Global Efforts to Stabilize Climate Change
  • Climate Change Mitigation and Developing Countries
  • Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • Greenhouse Gases, Aerosols and Radiative Forcing
  • Growth in Concentration of Greenhouse Gases
  • Carbon Dioxide Emissions
  • Global annual CO[subscript 2] budget
  • Projection of CO[subscript 2] emissions according to SRES scenarios
  • Projection of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
  • Share of Developing Countries in Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions
  • Share of developing countries in annual carbon budget
  • Contribution of industrialized and developing countries to cumulative CO[subscript 2] emissions during the twentieth century
  • Projections of share of developing countries in fossil fuel related carbon dioxide emissions
  • Carbon dioxide emissions and GDP in selected developing and industrialized countries
  • CO[subscript 2] emissions per unit of GDP
  • Growth in aggregate GDP and CO[subscript 2] emissions in China
  • Methane Emissions Projections
  • Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • Greenhouse Gas Inventory; Case Studies of Argentina, Indonesia and Zimbabwe
  • Emissions Inventory and Developing Countries
  • Factors contributing to quality of greenhouse gas inventory
  • Measures to improve greenhouse gas inventory
  • Implications of Reliable Estimates of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
  • Carbon Emissions
  • Historical Trends and Future Scenarios
  • 8.3.2 Projected CO[subscript 2] emissions from developing countries 233
  • 8.3.3 Differential impacts of climate change 234
  • 8.4 Costs of Adaptation, Mitigation and Burden Sharing 235
  • 8.4.1 Mitigation and adaptation 235
  • 8.4.2 Estimating the cost of adaptation and mitigation 236
  • 8.4.3 Co-benefits of mitigation actions 237
  • 8.4.4 Implications of Kyoto mechanisms on economic development in developing countries 238
  • 8.5 Global Climate Change Stabilization; Participation of Developing Countries 239
  • 8.5.1 Burden sharing of mitigation and adaptation costs 239
  • 8.5.2 Options for burden sharing 240
  • 8.5.3 Burden sharing mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol 242
  • 8.6 Cost-Effectiveness, Equity and Sustainability 244
  • 9 Climate Change and Developing Countries
  • 9.1 Climate Change and the Stake for Developing Countries 247
  • 9.2 Stabilization of Greenhouse Gases in Atmosphere to Mitigate Climate Change 249
  • 9.3 The Roles of UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol in Addressing Climate Change 251
  • 9.4 GEF and Developing Countries 252
  • 9.5 Climate Change; Technology Transfer, Capital Flows and Capacity Building 253
  • 9.5.1 Barriers to transfer of ESTs, capital and institutional capacity 253
  • 9.5.2 Strategies for transfer of ESTs, capital and institutional capacity 254
  • 9.5.3 Global Mechanisms to address climate change 255
  • 9.6 Clean Development Mechanism 255
  • 9.7 Issues Relevant to CDM and Kyoto Protocol 256
  • 9.7.1 Adaptation 256
  • 9.7.2 Supplementarity 257
  • 9.7.3 Additionality of funding to UNFCCC and Kyoto mechanisms 258
  • 9.7.4 LULUCF activities under CDM 258
  • 9.7.5 Sustainable development 259
  • 9.8 The Kyoto Protocol and Economic Development 260
  • 9.9 Climate Change Negotiations and Developing Countries; Future Directions 262

Similar Items