Fundamentals of structural geology
Fundamentals of Structural Geology provides a new framework for the investigation of geological structures by integrating field mapping and mechanical analysis. It emphasizes the observational data, modern mapping technology, principles of continuum mechanics, and the mathematical and computational...
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge ; New York :
Cambridge University Press,
2005
Cambridge, UK ; New York : 2005 Cambridge, UK ; New York : c2005 Cambridge, UK ; New York : 2005 |
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Table of Contents:
- Motivations and opportunities
- Structural mapping techniques and tools
- Characterizing structures using differential geometry
- Physical quantities, fields, dimensions, and scaling
- Deformation and flow
- Force, traction, and stress
- Conservation of mass and momentum
- Elastic deformation
- Brittle behavior
- Viscous flow
- Rheological behavior
- Model development and methodology
- Ch. 1 Motivations and opportunities
- Ch. 2. Structural mapping techniques and tools
- Ch. 3. Characterizing structures using differential geometry
- Ch. 4. Physical quantities, fields, dimensions, and scaling
- Ch. 5. Deformation and flow
- Ch. 6. Force, traction, and stress
- Ch. 7. Conservation of mass and momentum
- Ch. 8. Elastic deformation
- Ch. 9. Brittle behavior
- Ch. 10. Viscous flow
- Ch. 11. Rheological behavior
- Ch. 12. Model development and methodology.
- Chapter 1 Motivations and opportunities 1
- 1.1 Earthquake hazards in southern California 2
- 1.2 Radar lineaments on Venus 9
- 1.3 Faulting in a North Sea hydrocarbon reservoir 11
- 1.4 Anticracks in southern France 16
- 1.5 Mountain building on the Colorado Plateau 20
- Chapter 2 Structural mapping techniques and tools 25
- 2.1 Geographic coordinates and map projections 27
- 2.2 Local coordinates and position vectors 34
- 2.3 Orientations of structural elements 52
- 2.4 Structural mapping using GPS technology 69
- Chapter 3 Characterizing structures using differential geometry 75
- 3.1 The concept and description of lineations 77
- 3.2 The concept and description of curved surfaces 91
- 3.3 Applications of differential geometry to structural geology 114
- Chapter 4 Physical quantities, fields, dimensions, and scaling 120
- 4.1 Physical quantities and the continuum 121
- 4.2 Physical dimensions and dimensional analysis 127
- 4.3 Dimensionless groups and the scaling of structural processes 132
- 4.4 Scaled laboratory models 143
- Chapter 5 Deformation and flow 152
- 5.1 Rock deformation: some observations and a simple description 154
- 5.2 Evolving geometry of a structure: kinematic models, velocity models, and deformation 158
- 5.3 Relation between deformation and velocity fields 168
- 5.4 Velocity fields: the instantaneous state of motion 177
- 5.5 General results 183
- Chapter 6 Force, traction, and stress 194
- 6.1 Concepts of force and traction 196
- 6.2 Concept and analysis of stress 207
- 6.3 State of stress in the Earth 227
- Chapter 7 Conservation of mass and momentum 243
- 7.1 Particle dynamics 245
- 7.2 Rigid-body dynamics and statics 248
- 7.3 Conservation of mass and momentum in a deformable continuum 260
- 7.4 Field equations for the elastic solid and viscous fluid 276
- Chapter 8 Elastic deformation 287
- 8.1 Estimating rock properties from geological field tests 288
- 8.2 The idealized elastic material 292
- 8.3 Quasi-static displacement boundary value problems 299
- 8.4 Quasi-static traction boundary value problems 308
- 8.5 Elastic properties from laboratory and engineering field tests 319
- 8.6 Elastic heterogeneity and anisotropy 323
- Chapter 9 Brittle behavior 333
- 9.1 Brittle deformation in the laboratory and in the field 334
- 9.2 Strength of laboratory samples 337
- 9.3 Brittle failure in a field of homogeneous stress 357
- 9.4 Brittle failure in a field of heterogeneous stress 364
- 9.5 Fracture propagation and fault growth 371
- Chapter 10 Viscous flow 384
- 10.1 Rock deformation by viscous flow 385
- 10.2 Constitutive relations for isotropic viscous fluids 386
- 10.3 Plane and antiplane flow 388
- 10.4 Viscous flow in layers: mullions and folds 396
- 10.5 Flow of anisotropic viscous fluids 416
- Chapter 11 Rheological behavior 421
- 11.1 Departures from linear viscous flow 422
- 11.2 Boudinage and the non-linear power-law fluid 423
- 11.3 Coupling of viscous flow and macroscopic diffusional transport 440
- 11.4 Continuum properties of composite materials 446
- 11.5 Anisotropic fluids and internal instability 450
- Chapter 12 Model development and methodology 456
- 12.1 Idealization of field observations 457
- 12.2 Selection of general boundary conditions 462
- 12.3 A methodology for the practice of structural geology 474