Staff Studies for the World Economic Outlook

This paper reviews recent analytical and empirical research on the determination of employment, to provide a framework for evaluating the merits of alternative policies to cope with unemployment. Particular emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of employment and wage determination described in recent...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	International Monetary Fund
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 1986 Washington, D.C. : 1986
Series:	IMF eLibrary World Economic and Financial Surveys; World Economic and Financial Surveys ; No. 1986/001
Subjects:	Acceleration in wage inflation Active labor Actual rate of inflation Adaptive expectations hypothesis Adaptive expectations Adjustment period Adjustment process Adverse employment effects Aggregate demand function Aggregate demand Aggregate trade Agricultural commodities Agricultural exporters Agricultural exports Application for employment Average unemployment rate Average unemployment Average wages Balance of payments Benefits Capital exporting countries Capital flight Capital flows Cash management Casual employment Central bank Changes in prices Changes in trade Classical theory Classical unemployment Collective bargaining Collective dismissals Commodity composition Commodity exports Commodity prices Compensation of employees Compensation Competitive effects Compulsory unemployment insurance Conditions of employment Constant exchange rate Countries exports Currency appreciation Currency depreciation Currency devaluation Current account balance Current account deficit Current account surplus Demand for money Developing countries exports Developing country exports Disguised unemployment Distortions in labor markets Dollar exchange rate Dollar value Domestic aggregate demand Domestic demand Domestic economy Domestic goods Domestic investment Domestic price Domestic prices Domestic production Domestic savings Duration of unemployment Dynamic effects Economic cooperation Economic interdependence Economically active population Effect of exchange rate changes Effective exchange rate Effective exchange rates Effects on employment Efficient labor market Elasticity of export Employed person Employment conditions Employment creation Employment crisis Employment data Employment decline Employment effects Employment fluctuations Employment growth Employment impact Employment increases Employment level Employment levels Employment losses Employment office Employment offices Employment opportunities Employment opportunity Employment outlook Employment performance Employment performances Employment policy Employment programs Employment prospects Employment security Employment situation Employment structure Employment taxes Employment trends Employment Equilibrium model Equilibrium unemployment rate Equilibrium unemployment European monetary system Exchange market developments Exchange market intervention Exchange markets Exchange rate adjustments Exchange rate appreciation Exchange rate arrangements Exchange rate change Exchange rate changes Exchange rate depreciation Exchange rate determination Exchange rate expectations Exchange rate flexibility Exchange rate levels Exchange rate movement Exchange rate movements Exchange rate shock Exchange rate shocks Exchange rate system Exchange rate Exchange rates Export credit agencies Export credit Export credits Export demand Export developments Export earnings Export expansion Export growth Export market shares Export market Export performance Export price Export prices Export promotion Export receipts Export sector Export sectors Export supply Export taxes Export trade Export unit Export value Export values Export volume Export volumes Exporter Exporters Exporting countries Exporting developing countries Exports of goods Exports of oil External debt ratios External finance External financing External indebtedness External position Fixed exchange rate system Fixed exchange rate Fixed investment Flexible exchange rate Flexible exchange rates Floating exchange rates Fluctuations in exchange rates Foreign currency Foreign exchange Foreign trade Formal sector employment Frictional unemployment Fuel exporters Full employment Full-employment Future employment Gdp deflator General level of prices General price level Government employment Gross capital formation Growing unemployment Growth of employment Growth of labor force Hidden unemployment High employment High inflation High interest rates High level of employment High unemployment Higher rate of inflation Home currency Impact of trade Import competition Import costs Import demand Import price Import prices Import restrictions Import substitution Imported inputs Imported intermediate Importing countries Income elasticities Income velocity of money Increase in interest rates Increased export Increased protectionism Independent monetary policies Indirect tax Inflation performance Inflation rate Inflation rates Inflation Inflationary consequences Inflationary expectations Inflationary policy Inflationary pressure Inflationary pressures Informal labor force Informal labor markets Informal sector employment Intermediate goods Intermediate inputs Intermediate monetary target International trade Investment flows Involuntary unemployment Job creation Job search Job searching Job security Job seekers Job stability Job training Job-search activity Job-search Jobs Keynesian unemployment Labor cost Labor costs Labor demand Labor force expansion Labor force growth rate Labor force growth Labor force participation rate Labor force participation rates Labor force participation Labor force surveys Labor force Labor market conditions Labor market distortions Labor market efficiency Labor market segmentation Labor market works Labor market Labor markets Labor migration Labor mobility Labor productivity Labor reallocation Labor relations Labor standards Labor statistics Labor supply Labor turnover Labor union Labor unions Laborer Laborers Labour force participation Labour force Labour market discrimination Labour market Labour office Labour statistics Labour Loss of confidence Lower inflation Macroeconomic performance Manufactured exports Manufacturing labor force Market equilibrium Market for exports Measuring unemployment Merchandise exports Merchandise imports Merchandise trade flows Merchandise trade Minimum wage Monetary aggregate Monetary aggregates Monetary authorities Monetary authority Monetary base Monetary conditions Monetary control Monetary disturbances Monetary economics Monetary fund Monetary growth rates Monetary growth Monetary institutions Monetary instrument Monetary models Monetary objectives Monetary policies Monetary policy instruments Monetary policy objectives Monetary policy rule Monetary policy rules Monetary policy Monetary regimes Monetary restraint Monetary stabilization Monetary system Monetary target Monetary targeting Monetary targets Money balances Money demand Money growth Money market Money markets Money stock Money supply measure Money supply Movements in exchange rates Multilateral exchange rate Nairu National policies National unemployment Natural rate of unemployment Natural unemployment rate Net exports New job Nominal effective exchange rate Nominal exchange rate depreciation Nominal exchange rate Nominal exchange rates Nominal interest rate Nominal interest rates Nominal rate of interest Nominal variables Non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment Non-member countries Non-oil commodity prices Non-oil commodity Non-tariff barriers Nontariff barriers Nontariff measures Oil export earnings Oil export Oil exporters Oil exporting countries Oil exporting Oil exports Oil importers Oil imports Oil prices Oil shock Oil-exporting countries Open economies Open economy Open unemployment Opportunities for self-employment Organization of petroleum exporting countries Output growth Overall employment Overemployment Partial equilibrium Payroll Perfect substitutes Petroleum exporting countries Political economy Previous job Price elasticity Price inflation Price level Price of goods Price of imports Price stability Private sector employment Process of adjustment Protectionist measures Public sector employment Quantitative import restrictions Quantitative restrictions Rate of growth of money Rate of inflation Rate of unemployment Rates of inflation Rates of unemployment Rational expectations Real effective exchange rate Real effective exchange rates Real exchange rate depreciation Real exchange rate movements Real exchange rate Real exchange rates Real interest rate Real interest rates Real money supply Real money Real national income Real output Real rate of interest Real rates Real value Real variables Real wages Reduction in inflation Reer Regular employment Relative price Relative prices Reserve holdings Restrictive monetary policy Rise in inflation Rising unemployment Rural employment Rural labor market Seasonal unemployment Self-employment Service exports Share of exports Stock of money Structural unemployment Tariff barriers Tariff increases Terms of employment Terms of trade effects Terms of trade improvement Terms of trade Total employment Total export Total exports Total labor force Tradable goods Trade barriers Trade changes Trade classification Trade deficit Trade deficits Trade effect Trade effects Trade figures Trade flows Trade in services Trade liberalization Trade model Trade policies Trade policy issues Trade restrictions Trade sector Trade structure Trade volumes Trading partners Trained labor force Training programs Underemployed labor Underemployment Unemployed labor Unemployed person Unemployed Unemployment benefits Unemployment crisis Unemployment insurance Unemployment levels Unemployment pressures Unemployment problem Unemployment rate Unemployment rates Unemployment research Unemployment Urban employment Urban job Urban labor market Urban labor markets Urban unemployment Value of imports Value of money Voluntary unemployment Wage adjustment Wage bargaining Wage costs Wage determination Wage earners Wage employment Wage equation Wage equations Wage increases Wage indexation Wage inflation Wage level Wage rate Wage rates Wage reduction Wage settlements Wage Wage-price Wages Wholesale price index Wholesale price Worker World demand World economy World exports World investment World market World markets World price World prices World supply World trade Aggregate Human Capital Aggregate Labor Productivity Currency Economic theory Exports and Imports Foreign Exchange Intergenerational Income Distribution International economics Labor Demand Labor Macroeconomics Money and Monetary Policy Trade: General Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General income economics Germany Grenada Japan United Kingdom United States

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Staff Studies for the World Economic Outlook

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